Some changes with age like stiffer joints or occasional forgetfulness are normal. But persistent memory loss that disrupts daily life could signal a more serious issue. Alzheimer’s Disease, a progressive neurological disorder, affects over 50 million people globally and nearly 4 million in India.
Emerging research highlights a critical, often overlooked factor in protecting brain health for people with diabetes: glucose stability. Studies show a clear link between insulin resistance and cognitive decline, leading some experts to refer to Alzheimer’s as “Type 3 diabetes.” For older adults managing diabetes, this underscores the importance of controlling blood sugar not just for physical health but also to support cognitive function.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Transforming Diabetes and Brain Care
Dr. Abhijit Bhograj, Endocrinologist & Diabetologist at Manipal Hospital, Hebbal, Bangalore, explains:
“Blood sugar variability, especially in older adults, can negatively impact brain health. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows us to track fluctuations in real time and intervene early, potentially slowing the cognitive effects of insulin resistance. CGMs can also alert users when glucose levels are too high or low, enabling timely and safer action.”
CGM technology also enables data sharing with caregivers and healthcare professionals, creating a continuous support loop. This is particularly valuable for older adults or individuals showing early cognitive decline, who may struggle with consistent self-monitoring.
Dr. Vivek Iyer, Head of Medical Affairs for Abbott Diabetes Care in South Asia, adds:
“Smart technology like CGMs builds vital connections between patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Even remotely, real-time data allows the support network to act quickly, preventing glucose crises and supporting better brain health.”
The Science Behind the Connection
- Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline: Research shows that insulin resistance in the brain impairs glucose utilization, which may trigger early Alzheimer’s-related changes. People with Type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s, while Type 1 diabetes patients may face age-related cognitive decline.
- Blood Sugar Spikes and Harmful Proteins: High glucose levels can contribute to beta-amyloid protein buildup, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, disrupting brain-cell communication and accelerating cognitive decline.
Beyond Diabetes: CGMs as a Brain Health Tool
Devices like Freestyle Libre 2+ track glucose levels in real time, providing insights into how diet, sleep, stress, and activity affect blood sugar. For people with diabetes, this information is not just about preventing complications—it could also help reduce long-term cognitive risks.
Lifestyle and Dietary Interventions
A brain-healthy diet supports glucose stability and cognitive function. The MIND diet—rich in leafy greens, berries, legumes, and healthy fats—promotes cardiovascular, metabolic, and brain health. Fermented foods and fiber-rich vegetables also support the gut-brain axis, further aiding cognitive function.
Early Intervention Matters
While Alzheimer’s has no cure, early prevention and proactive care make a meaningful difference. Monitoring glucose patterns with CGM, combined with dietary improvements and physical activity, empowers individuals and families to take control—potentially reducing the combined burden of diabetes and cognitive decline.
As evidence grows linking diabetes and cognitive health, it’s clear that managing blood sugar is about more than diabetes—it’s about preserving brain function, independence, and quality of life.
